Schußwaffen,Kanonen der Ming Dynastie

Kanonen auf der chinesischen Mauer
1015_194897.jpg


Mienen in China während der Ming Dynastie

1015_194742.jpg



1015_194911.jpg


Brandbomben,40 KG schwer, benutzt für die stadtverteidigung,hergestellt in der späten Ming Dynastie

1015_194729.jpg


Kanonen in der Ming Dynastie

1015_194372.jpg

Schwere Feldkanone, 1,6 Tonne schwer, Schießentfernung:1,9 km

1015_194671.jpg


Ming Soldaten mit Maschinen, die Feuerpfeile abschießen können

1015_194792.jpg

Chinesiche Schußwaffe mit 3 Schießröhre in der Ming Dynastie

1015_194758.jpg



Eine Art der Granaten der Ming Armee, erfunden von dem chinesischen Handwerker Li Changsun während des Imjin-Krieges

1015_194587.gif

Muskete der Ming-Dynastie

1015_194663.gif





Haubitze der chinesischen Version in der Ming-Dynastie


1015_194667.jpg



[FONT=&quot]E[/FONT][FONT=&quot]inzellader Muskete.90.000 Exemplare wurden in der Ming Dynastie hergestellt.Sie wurden viel eingesetzt in der Verteidigung Pekings gegen die Mongolen im 1449.[/FONT]



1015_194668.jpg


"Großgeneral" Kanone,die auf der Stadtmauer stationert werden kann


1015_194672.jpg



Mehrlader Pistole der Ming Armee


1015_194680.jpg

Kanone mit mehreren Röhre

1015_194682.jpg




Revolver.Erfunden von dem berühmten Ming General Qi Jiguang ,Schießweite:180 m



1015_194704.jpg

 
Zuletzt bearbeitet:
Eine frühe Version des Mörsers.Weit verbreitet in der Armee des Generals Qi Jiguang
1015_194705.jpg


Muskete mit drei Stütze ,3 m lang ,12 KG schwer.Schießweit:200m


1015_194708.jpg


Fligerbombe

1015_194707.jpg

Ming Soldat,der mit einem dreiröhrige Musket schießt

1015_194733.jpg


Flammenwerfer



1015_194740.jpg


mehrröhrige Feuerpfeilekanone


1015_194736.jpg

Wassermiene



1015_194752.jpg

1015_194770.jpg


Handgranate

1015_194753.jpg


1015_194755.jpg



Die Manchus eroberten China mit Pfeilen und Säbel auf Pferd, sie vernachlässigten die Entwicklung der Schußwaffen der Ming Chinesen


1015_194370.jpg



Eine Kanone aus der Manchus Qing Zeit.Die Qing Armee baute den Ming Kanonen nach, aber die Qualität der Kanone ist im Gegensatz zu der Ming Kanone sehr schlecht


1015_194371.jpg


Im späten Qing Dynastie,waren die herrschenden Manchus von den vielen Niederlagen Qing Chinas gegen die Europäer gezwungen,die Kanonen des Westens nachzubauen.


1015_194373.jpg
 
Zuletzt bearbeitet:
:yes:

Tolle Bilder! Wirklich hoch interessant!
Was mir jetzt so auffällt, das lustigerweise zu 80% (grob geschätzt) die Europäer ähnliches eingesetzt haben.
Gab es da Beziehungen (außer physikalischen grundprinizpien)?

Hast du zufällig Literatur über die Ausrüstung chinesischer Soldaten (am besten erst einmal einen groben Überblick, über die verschiedenen perioden)?
 
Die Bilder sind ziemlich realistisch.Die Bilder der Krieger sind anhand zahlreicher archäologischer Funde restauriert worden.




Westliche Zhou-Dynastie(im 11. Jahrhundert v. Chr. bis 771 v. Chr.)



12085179_228235.jpg





Zeit der Streitenden Reiche(zwischen 475 v. Chr. und 221 v. Chr.)






200681310285088757.jpg






Qin-Dynastie (221 v. Chr. - 206 v. Chr.)



Qin Offizier

URL]


Qin Bogenschützer

URL]




Qin Armbrustschützer

URL]




Normaler Qin Infanterist

200681310332772488.jpg


schwerer Qin Kavallerist

URL]


Qin Rüstung und Helm:

20061262095729547.jpg




Han Dynastie (206 v. Chr. bis 220 n. Chr.)



12085159_228231.jpg




12085151_228229.jpg


Han Infanterist

12085142_228227.jpg




20068131036296890.jpg




Han Kavallerist

20068131037870891.jpg


200681310384734631.jpg




Han Kavallerie offizier



200681310392372220.jpg






Wei-Dynastie(220265) und Jin-Dynastie (265–420)

12085136_228226.jpg


Südliche und Nördliche Dynastien(den Zeitraum von 420 bis 581.)

12085132_228225.jpg


schwerer Kavallerist in den Südliche und Nördliche Dynastien



20068131040853682.jpg
 
Zuletzt bearbeitet:
Rüstung in den Südliche und Nördliche Dynastien

7.jpg










Infanterist in den Südliche und Nördliche Dynastien

200681310404638005.jpg


Schwerer Infanterist in den Südliche und Nördliche Dynastien



200681310412556852.jpg


Sui-Dynastie (581-618)

12085124_228224.jpg


Schwerer Sui Infanterist

URL]




Tang Dynastie (von 618 bis 907)



11.jpg




12.jpg










Tang General

200681310423680681.jpg


Tang Kavallerist



200681310431981576.jpg


Tang Kavallerie General



URL]


Tang General mit einem Löwenkopf

200681310535749825.jpg


Tang General

200681310542466623.jpg


Früherer Tang General

200681310552013037.jpg


Tang Offizier

200681310554842683.jpg




Tang Rüstungen:

9.jpg




10.jpg




Fünf Dynastien und Zehn Königreiche (907-960)



13.jpg


200681310561548446.jpg


Kavallerist in den Fünf Dynastien und Zehn Königreiche

URL]




Song-Dynastie(960 bis 1279)

12085114_228221.jpg




Song Infanterist

200681310583136263.jpg




20068131105968294.jpg


Schwerer Song Infanterist



20068131113377249.jpg


Schwerer Song Kavallerist

20068131122648806.jpg


Song Infanterist



20068131125854579.jpg




Yuan Mongolenherrschaft (1279-1368)



Mongolischer Soldat

17.jpg


Yuan Soldaten

18.jpg


Yuan Bogenschützer

20068131132156782.jpg


Yuan Bogenschützer auf Pferd

20068131135149146.jpg






Ming Dynastie





12085090_228216.jpg


Ming Kavallerist mit einem Muskete(1368 bis 1644)

20068131142640154.jpg


Ming Musketier

20068131172814629.jpg


Früher Ming General

2006813118059530.jpg


Ming Rüstung:

B][B]


Rüstung und Helm von Kaiser Wanli von Ming Reich

B][B]






Qing Manchus Herrschaft(16361912)

Manchus Rüstung

19.jpg






20.jpg




Manchus Qing Soldat

21.jpg
 
Zuletzt bearbeitet:
In Wikipedia gibt es einen englischen Text über die Geschichte der chinesischen Rüstung.



Ancient armour: Shang (商)- Han(汉)

Armour was exclusively for noblemen, the earliest armour used by the Shang dynasty (商) was made from turtles shells tied together with cords. Later bronze and leather was introduced, and simple one piece breastplate and lamellar cuirass begin to appear. Most of these were highly elaborate and decorated, and were often very heavy. The majority of noblemen fought mounted on war chariot, so weight of the armour wasn’t a major factor in its construction.
After the defeat of the Shang, the Zhou (周) used many weapons and types of equipment that originally came from the Shang. However, the Zhou incorporated some of their own different or unique styles of armour. One type was the ge jia (革甲), a sleeveless coat of animal hide formed on a wooden dummy. The hide used was of buffalo and rhinoceros. Buffalo was more often used later on, because of the disappearance of the rhinoceros in the region. Another armour used by the Zhou was the wei jia, a boiled leather on a fabric backing. Red lacquer was often used to form a protective layer for most armour used by the Zhou.

Chariots were used extensively during the Spring and Autumn Period (春秋). The chariots were mainly used as a shock weapon and a platform for archers; but the chariot was restricted to flat terrain and when used against well organized infantry, it was often defeated. Shang chariots were often drawn by two horses, the Zhou later introduced a four horse chariot. The crew of the chariot was made up of noblemen, all would have worn armour.
Zhou chariots were protected by leather, and sometimes came with a canopy to protect the crew from the weather, but this was probably removed before going into battle. Chariot horses were protected by a blanker made of animal skins -- most popular was tiger skin, and sometime would have worn lamellar peytral made of leather to protecte the horses' chest and neck. Chariot use declined during the Warring States Period (战国时期), probably because of the introduction of the crossbow and cavalry.
Most of the Warring States maintained large armies, numbering anywhere from 30,000 to 100,000. With such a large number of men, it became prohibitive to give all of them armor. Armour was most common for elite soldiers. During the Warring States Era, most armour was made of leather or bronze, or a combination of both. The metal that was used most for military purposes was bronze. Wrought iron began to appear in the 5th century BC, but didn’t begin to replace bronze until the 2nd century BC.

A diagram of the Chinese mountain-scale armor type.


Most infantrymen wore lamellar cuirass. The lamellar cuirass worn by these men was made of hundreds of small overlapped metal and/or leather plates laced together to make a flexible and light protection. Shoulder guards and helmets were often used, but leather caps seem to have been more common.
Armour for cavalry was rare during this time, most cavalry units served in the role of skirmisher, so armour wasn’t necessary. Heavy cavalry tended to have lighter armour than the infantry, usually constructed entirely of leather and without shoulder protection.
Most evidences for armour development during this period comes from the Terracotta Warriors of Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇). Some terracotta warriors wore no armour; it is suggested that these were skirmishers or support troops for the chariots, they are usually placed at the front of the formations. Of the terracotta warriors thus uncovered, Pit 1 shows approximately 61 percent of the soldiers wearing armour, Pit 2 over 90 percent, and pit 3, being in a command compound, 100 percent.
Traces of black paint on these figures suggest that Qin may have used black lacquer for their armour. Many different styles of armour was found, but examples of these armours from ancient China are rare. Qin Shi Huang ordered weapons, and probably armour too, to be destroyed by fire. This is likely the reason that so few examples of ancient armour exist today.
With the fall of Qin in 207BC came the rise of the Han dynasty in 202BC. By the time of the Han, the primary metal used was iron. Early Han soldiers would have used armour and weapons captured from the Qin. The Western Han army numbered possibly in the hundreds of thousands, so armours were standardized to meet the need. One of the armours used by the Han was the liang-tang, or "double-faced" armour, a lamellar cuirass made of leather, that was worn over the shoulders with cords. This armour was used by both the infantry and the cavalry. A much heavier and expensive version, consisting of iron plates laced together, was worn by officers. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, a new style of armour was adopted, a scale corselet made of leather.
Shields were used by both infantry and cavalry. These shields were usually made of wood and often reinforced by a metal center and rim.
Armour for horses began to appear around the end of the Han dynasty, but the earliest armour yet found dates back to the year 302 AD. Full armour for cavalry appeared during the 4th century AD. During the Three Kingdoms Period (三国), fully armoured cavalry were extensively used for shock. Early horse armour came in one piece, but later armour came in multiple pieces: chanfron (head protector), neck, chest, and shoulder guards, flank pieces and crupper. Most cavalry served as mounted archers, and sometimes removed their arm protection to used their bows or crossbows.
Medieval armour


The pinnacle of ancient Chinese armor development is perhaps the Shan Wen Kai or "Mountain Pattern Armor". It began to appear during the Tang Dynasty and was further perfected during the Ming dynasty. It is made from a multitude of small pieces of steel that are vaguely shaped like the Chinese character for the word shan (Mountain). This would thus explain its name. The pieces are then interlocked and riveted to a cloth or leather backing. It effectively covers the torso, the shoulders and the thighs while remaining comfortable and flexible enough to allow movement.

[edit] Late Chinese Armour

By the 19th century, most armour was worn mainly for ceremonial purposes and was an indicator of rank. The kind of armour that was largely used was the brigandine, a type of armour consisting of a leather or cloth garment lined with metal plates inside. Sometimes, the plates were made in different sizes and shapes to maximize protection. The Chinese brigandine comes in five pieces: the vest, pauldrons, skirting, underarm, and groin section. By contrast, the Korean version of this armour is a single piece. Brigandines were first seen in China and Korea in the 12th century AD and were used up to the 19th century. Armour use began to decline after the introduction of firearms, but shields continued to be used. Most Chinese soldiers of the times went without armour of any kind and mostly wore civilian clothing.
Addendum

There are two common Chinese translation for the word armor. More may exist but Jia and Kai (in pinyin form) are the most encountered. If one looks at the traditional Chinese characters for both of these words, it may be observed that the character for the word metal appears in the one for Kai. The same cannot be said about the one for Jia thus implying that these armors are made from materials other than metals.












Im Internet gibt es auch viele chinesischen Webseiten,die ausführlicher über chinesische Rüstungen beschreiben.Sie sind alle auf Chinesisch.Wegen vielen Fachwörtern ist es mir leider nicht möglich, sie ins Deutsche zu übersetzen.
 
Zuletzt bearbeitet:
Zurück
Oben