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"By the second half of the tenth century, and throughout the eleventh, the Anglo-Saxon
fyrd was more than just a king's host arrayed for war, it was a well equipped professional army of heavy infantry. Although the spear and shield still remained the basic weapon of the
fyrdman, it was now usual for all to have a horse, sword, helmet and mailshirt too. Some illustrations suggest that hand-axes were also used, but whether in addition to, or in place of, the sword is unclear. There are many references to even ceorls serving in the fyrd possessing swords, and that mailshirts and helms would have been widespread is shown by the fact that Æþelred commanded that every eight hides provide a helmet and
byrnie. In addition, the
heriot, that is the death duty paid to a lord when a
thegn died, was set at four horses (two with saddles), two swords and a coat of mail. Since the
heriot represented the return of the gifts of a lord to his retainer, we can see that this was the equipment a
thegn would be expected to possess. That the
thegns did possess this equipment is borne out by the fact that, although it was possible to commute this payment to cash, the payment was almost always made in the form of these arms. The reason for the large number of horses may be explained by the fact that it represented a mount and remount or pack-horse for the
thegn and a retainer who would look after the
thegn's horse while he was in battle, or carry messages for him, etc.."
Quelle:
Regia Anglorum - The Fyrd (Army) in Anglo-Saxon England - Part 2